C++

C++ is programming language created in 1985 by Bjarne Stroustrup.

The C++ precedessor is "C with Classes", which is an extension of the C programming language create by Bjarne Stroustup in 1979.

• "C with Classes" introduced object-oriented programming (OOP).
• "C with Classes maintained the efficiency of C.

Advantages

• powerful
• high-performance
• combines the efficiency of low-level programming with the flexibility of high-level abstractions.

Versions

C++ has undergone several revisions, with major updates in C++98, C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, and C++23, each bringing new features and improvements.

Programming paradigms supported by C++

1. Procedural
2. Object-oriented
3. Generic
4. Functional

Key Features of C++

C++ offers a wide range of features that make it suitable for various applications:

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Supports classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
• Templates & Generic Programming: Enables code reusability through function and class templates.
• Memory Management: Provides both automatic and manual memory control via new, delete, and smart pointers.
• Standard Template Library (STL): Includes data structures, algorithms, and iterators for efficient programming.
• Multithreading Support: Offers thread management features for concurrent programming.
• Low-Level Manipulation: Allows direct interaction with hardware, making it suitable for system-level programming.
• High Performance: Optimized for speed and resource management, making it ideal for performance-critical applications.

Common Applications of C++

• Game Development: Used in game engines like Unreal Engine.
• Operating Systems: Many operating systems, including parts of Windows and Linux, are built with C++.
• Embedded Systems: Used in automotive software, IoT devices, and real-time systems.
• Finance & Trading Systems: High-frequency trading platforms rely on C++ for low-latency execution.
• Scientific Computing: Used in applications like MATLAB, CERN software, and physics simulations.

Modern C++ and Future Trends

Modern C++ focuses on improving developer productivity while maintaining backward compatibility. Recent updates have introduced concepts, coroutines, modules, and ranges to simplify development. The future of C++ is expected to bring better safety, concurrency, and performance enhancements, keeping it relevant for decades to come.

Conclusion

C++ remains one of the most powerful and versatile programming languages.

Whether you're developing high-performance applications, working on system-level programming, or building scalable software, C++ provides the tools and flexibility needed for success.